ČSN EN 13103-1+A1

This European standard: - defines the forces and moments to be taken into account with reference to masses, traction and braking conditions; - gives the stress calculation method for axles with outside axle journals; - !specifies the maximum permissible stresses to be assumed in calculations for steel grades EA1N, EA1T and EA4T defined in EN 13261:2020"; - describes the method for determination of the maximum permissible stresses for other steel grades; - determines the diameters for the various sections of the axle and recommends the preferred shapes and transitions to ensure adequate service performance. This European Standard applies to: - !axles defined in EN 13261:2020"; - powered and non-powered axles; - all track gauges3. The design method for powered axles described in this European Standard applies to: - solid or hollow powered axles for railway vehicles; - solid or hollow non-powered axles for motor bogies; - solid or hollow non-powered axles for locomotives. The design method for non-powered axles described in this European Standard applies to solid or hollow axles for railway vehicles intended for the transportation of passengers or freight and which do not appear in the preceding list. This European Standard is applicable to axles fitted to rolling stock intended to run under normal European conditions. Before using this European Standard, if there is any doubt as to whether the railway operating conditions are normal, it is necessary to determine whether an additional design factor has to be applied to the maximum permissible stresses. The calculation of wheelsets for special applications (e.g. tamping/lining/levelling machines) may be made according to this European Standard only for the load cases of free-running and running in train formation. This European Standard does not apply to workload cases. They are calculated separately. This method may be used for light rail and tramway applications.