BS EN 1993-1-11:2006

This standard BS EN 1993-1-11:2006 Eurocode 3. Design of steel structures is classified in these ICS categories:

• 91.080.10 Metal structures
• 93.040 Bridge construction
• 91.010.30 Technical aspects

1. prEN1993-1-11 gives design rules for structures with tension components made of steel, which, due to their connections with the structure, are adjustable and replaceable see Table 1.1.

   NOTE: Due to the requirement of adjustability and replaceability such tension components are generally prefabricated products delivered to site and installed into the structure. Tension components that are not adjustable or replaceable, e.g. air spun cables of suspension bridges, or for externally post-tensioned bridges, are outside the scope of this part. However, rules of this standard may be applicable.

2. This standard also gives rules for determining the technical requirements for prefabricated tension components for assessing their safety, serviceability and durability.

   Table 1.1: Groups of tension components

   Group	Main tension element	Component
   A	rod (bar)	tension rod (bar) system, prestressing bar
   B	circular wire	spiral strand rope
   	circular and Z-wires	fully locked coil rope
   	circular wire and stranded wire	strand rope
   C	circular wire	parallel wire strand (PWS)
   	circular wire	bundle of parallel wires
   	seven wire (prestressing) strand	bundle of parallel strands

   NOTE 1: Group A products in general have a single solid round cross section connected to end terminations by threads. They are mainly used as

   • bracings for roofs, walls, girders

   • stays for roof elements, pylons

   • tensioning systems for steel-wooden truss and steel structures, space frames

   NOTE 2: Group B products are composed of wires which are anchored in sockets or other end terminations and are fabricated primarily in the diameter range of 5 mm to 160 mm, see EN 12385-2.

   Spiral strand ropes are mainly used as

   • stay cables for aerials, smoke stacks, masts and bridges

   • carrying cables and edge cables for light weight structures

   • hangers or suspenders for suspension bridges

   • stabilizing cables for cable nets and wood and steel trusses

   • hand-rail cables for banisters, balconies, bridge rails and guardrails

   Fully locked coil ropes are fabricated in the diameter range of 20 mm to 180 mm and are mainly used as

   • stay cables, suspension cables and hangers for bridge construction

   • suspension cables and stabilizing cables in cable trusses

   • edge cables for cable nets

   • stay cables for pylons, masts, aerials

   Structural strand ropes are mainly used as

   • stay cables for masts, aerials

   • hangers for suspension bridges

   • damper / spacer tie cables between stay cables

   • edge cables for fabric membranes

   • rail cables for banister, balcony, bridge and guide rails.

   NOTE 3: Group C products need individual or collective anchoring and appropriate protection.

   Bundles of parallel wires are mainly used as stay cables, main cables for suspension bridges and external tendons.

   Bundles of parallel strands are mainly used as stay cables for composite and steel bridges.

3. The types of termination dealt with in this part for Group B and C products are

   • metal and resin sockets, see EN 13411-4

   • sockets with cement grout

   • ferrules and ferrule securing, see EN 13411-3

   • swaged sockets and swaged fitting

   • U-bolt wire rope grips, see EN 13411-5

   • anchoring for bundles with wedges, cold formed button heads for wires and nuts for bars.

   NOTE: For terminology see Annex C.